![]() In this study, we demonstrate an MSI platform that offers a guide to surgeons for optimum suture placement in bowel anastomosis. ![]() 18 In addition, cross-polarization imaging methods can be used to eliminate specular reflection from the tissue surface, allowing clear identification of subsurface structures, which is often required for surgical procedures. By considering the fact that the difference in the polarization states depends on the light penetration depth, polarization control techniques are often used for depth-selective measurements. However, the Fresnel reflection from the surface retains the original polarization state. The light propagating through the tissue is depolarized. 17 When incident light strikes the tissue surface, a portion of the light is reflected as specular reflection, while another portion propagates through the tissue. On the other hand, polarization-sensitive imaging (PSI) uses the scattering and polarization properties of light propagating in the tissue. Various biomedical applications, 14 such as cancer detection 15 and blood oxygen saturation observations in skin, 16 have been reported by employing this technique. 13 Multispectral images show structural properties that may be invisible using a single wavelength and can also reveal subsurface features at longer wavelengths, such as near-infrared light. Multispectral imaging (MSI) is an advanced imaging technique to capture scene information at different spectral wavelengths, which has been used to spatially and spectrally classify similar materials according to their distinguished signatures. Although there have been remarkable advances in surgical imaging systems 9, 10 and contrast-enhancing methods 11 for improving surgical vision, 12 it is desirable to have optical imaging tools to guide and improve the surgeon’s intraoperative decisions and facilitate anastomosis with a clearer target-to-background tissue contrast to improve surgical outcomes. ![]() 8 Generally, suturing techniques such as suture placements are guided by the surgeon’s visual perception. 6, 7 These complications undermine the clinical outcomes and often require repeated surgery, leading to a significant increase in treatment cost, morbidity, and mortality. 2 – 5 Despite the routine nature of intestinal anastomosis procedures, the rate of complications such as anastomotic leakage and strictures is between 3% and 19% and remains unchanged despite the introduction of newer techniques and technologies. 1 To date, intestinal anastomosis surgeries are performed either openly or through minimally invasive techniques using sutures or mechanical staplers. Over a million anastomoses are performed in the United States each year for visceral indication alone (gastrointestinal, urological, and gynecological surgeries). ![]()
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